一、实现方法
1.纯模板语言实现
2.自定义simpletag实现（本质是简化了纯模板语言的判断）
二、基本原理
原理都是通过django路由系统，匹配url筛选条件，将筛选条件作为数据库查询结果，返回给前端。
例如：路由系统中的url格式是这样：
| 1 | url(r '^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html' ,views. filter ) |
其中article_type_id和category_id和数据库中字段是相对应的，此时当一个url为article-1-2.html时候，后台处理函数的参数将是一个字典{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}，然后将该条件作为数据库查询条件，最后得出结果返回给前端
三、代码样例
方法1：纯模板语言实现
urls.py
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ #Author:wd from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [ url(r '^$' ,views.index), url(r '^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html' ,views. filter ), ] |
models.py
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | from django.db import models class Category(models.Model): caption = models.CharField(max_length = 64 ) class Article_type(models.Model): caption = models.CharField(max_length = 64 ) class Article(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length = 64 ) content = models.CharField(max_length = 256 ) category = models.ForeignKey(to = 'Category' ) article_type = models.ForeignKey(to = 'Article_type' |
views.py
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | def filter (request, * args, * * kwargs): if request.method = = "GET" : condition = {} for k,v in kwargs.items(): kwargs[k] = int (v) #模板if判断row.id是数字，所以这里需要转换 if v = = "0" : #当条件为0代表所选的是全部，那么就不必要加入到过滤条件中 pass else : condition[k] = int (v) aritcle = models.Article.objects. filter ( * * condition) aritcle_type = models.Article_type.objects. all () aritcle_category = models.Category.objects. all () return render(request, 'search.html' ,{ 'aritcle' :aritcle, 'article_type' :aritcle_type, 'article_category' :aritcle_category, 'article_arg' :kwargs, #将当前的筛选条件传递给html }) |
html模板
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 | <!DOCTYPE html> < html lang = "en" > < head > < meta charset = "UTF-8" > < title >Title</ title > < style > .container a{ display: inline-block; padding: 3px 5px; margin: 5px; border: 1px solid #dddddd ; } .active{ } </ style > </ head > < body > < h1 >搜索条件</ h1 > < div class = "container" > {% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %} < a class = "active" href = "/cmdb/article-0-{ { article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >全部</ a > {% else %} < a href = "/cmdb/article-0-{ { article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >全部</ a > {% endif %} {% for row in article_type %} {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %} < a class = "active" href = "/cmdb/article-{ { row.id }}-{ { article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >{ { row.caption }}</ a > {% else %} < a href = "/cmdb/article-{ { row.id }}-{ { article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >{ { row.caption }}</ a > {% endif %} {% endfor %} </ div > < div class = "container" > {% if article_arg.category_id == 0 %} < a class = "active" href = "/cmdb/article-{ { article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >全部</ a > {% else %} < a href = "/cmdb/article-{ { article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >全部</ a > {% endif %} {% for row in article_category %} {% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %} < a class = "active" href = "/cmdb/article-{ { article_arg.article_type_id }}-{ { row.id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >{ { row.caption }}</ a > {% else %} < a href = "/cmdb/article-{ { article_arg.article_type_id }}-{ { row.id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >{ { row.caption }}</ a > {% endif %} {% endfor %} </ div > < h1 >查询结果</ h1 > < div > {% for row in aritcle %} < div >{ { row.id }}-{ { row.title }}</ div > {% endfor %} </ div > </ body > </ html > |
方法二：使用simpletag实现
定义simpletag
myfilter.py
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ #Author:wd from django import template from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe register = template.Library() @register .simple_tag def filter_all(article_arg,condition): ''' 处理条件为全部 :param article_arg: 当前url字典：如{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1} :param condition: 要处理的条件，如article_type_id，用于区分当前处理选择了那个全部 :return: 返回下面页面形式 {% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-{ { article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-0-{ { article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a> {% endif %} {% for row in article_type %} {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{ { row.id }}-{ { article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{ { row.caption }}</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-{ { row.id }}-{ { article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{ { row.caption }}</a> {% endif %} {% endfor %} ''' if condition = = 'article_type_id' : if article_arg[condition] = = 0 : print (article_arg[ 'category_id' ]) res = '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg[ 'category_id' ] else : res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg[ 'category_id' ] return mark_safe(res) elif condition = = 'category_id' : if article_arg[ 'category_id' ] = = 0 : res = '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg[ 'article_type_id' ] else : res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg[ 'article_type_id' ] return mark_safe(res) @register .simple_tag def filter_type(article_type,article_arg): ''' :param article_type: article_type对象 :param article_arg: 当前url字典 :return: {% for row in article_type %} {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{ { row.id }}-{ { article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{ { row.caption }}</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-{ { row.id }}-{ { article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{ { row.caption }}</a> {% endif %} {% endfor %} ''' res = [] for row in article_type: if row. id = = article_arg[ 'article_type_id' ]: temp = '<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (row. id ,article_arg[ 'category_id' ],row.caption) else : temp = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (row. id , article_arg[ 'category_id' ],row.caption) res.append(temp) return mark_safe("".join(res)) @register .simple_tag def filter_category(article_category,article_arg): ''' :param article_type: article_category对象 :param article_arg: 当前url字典 :return: {% for row in article_category %} {% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{ { article_arg.article_type_id }}-{ { row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{ { row.caption }}</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-{ { article_arg.article_type_id }}-{ { row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{ { row.caption }}</a> {% endif %} {% endfor %} ''' res = [] for row in article_category: if row. id = = article_arg[ 'category_id' ]: temp = '<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (article_arg[ 'article_type_id' ],row. id ,row.caption) else : temp = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (article_arg[ 'article_type_id' ],row. id ,row.caption) res.append(temp) return mark_safe("".join(res)) |
html模板
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 | {% load myfilter %} <!DOCTYPE html> < html lang = "en" > < head > < meta charset = "UTF-8" > < title >Title</ title > < style > .container a{ display: inline-block; padding: 3px 5px; margin: 5px; border: 1px solid #dddddd ; } .active{ } </ style > </ head > < body > < h1 >搜索条件</ h1 > < div class = "container" > {% filter_all article_arg 'article_type_id' %} {% filter_type article_type article_arg %} </ div > < div class = "container" > {% filter_all article_arg 'category_id' %} {% filter_category article_category article_arg %} </ div > < h1 >查询结果</ h1 > < div > {% for row in aritcle %} < div >{ { row.id }}-{ { row.title }}</ div > {% endfor %} </ div > </ body > </ html > |
ps附上简图：
四、其他变化
在如上的示例中，我们的过滤条件是从数据库中拿到，有时候我们定义的时候使用的是静态字段，此时组合搜索会稍微修改。
1.model定义
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | class Article(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length = 64 ) content = models.CharField(max_length = 256 ) category = models.ForeignKey(to = 'Category' ) article_type = ( #使用静态字段放入内存 ( 1 , 'linux' ), ( 2 , 'python' ), ( 3 , 'go' ), ) |
2.处理函数变化
| 1 2 | ###获取#### aritcle_type = models.Article.article_type #直接获取类的静态字段 |
3.simpletag相应改变
| 1 2 3 | ###由于我们传递的元祖，所以取值使用元祖方式 article_type[ 0 ] # 筛选条件id article_type[ 1 ] # 筛选条件名称 |
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/wdliu/p/8331375.html